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一、基本概念

1、基期量、现期量、增长量、增长率

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2、同比、环比

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3、增长幅度、变化幅度

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4、百分点、百分数

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5、翻番、倍数

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6、平均数

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7、比重、成数

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8、年均增长量(平均增长量)

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9、间隔增长率

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10、年均增长率(平均增长率)

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第一步:求出总增长量
第二步:求出平均增长量
第三步:找出恰当选项,用多年间隔增长率公式代入,排除错误选项
恰当:选择好算的那个,选择只算一个就能得出正确答案的那个
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11、拉动增长、贡献率

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12、顺差、逆差

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13、中位数

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14、发展速度

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15、人口出生率、人口死亡率、人口自然增长率

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16、三次产业(三大产业)

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17、国内生产总值

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18、五年计划

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19、恩格尔系数、基尼系数

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20、东部、中部、西部和东北

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二、快速定位

1、表格类材料

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根据选项确立计算原则:
若选项首位不同,计算时取前两位。
若选项第二位不同,计算时取前三位。
依此类推

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2、图形类材料

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3、文字类材料

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三、重点题型

1、基期量和现期量计算

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①基本基期量计算

题型一

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题型二

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总结

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②间隔基期量计算

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③现期量计算

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2、增长率的计算和比较

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①增长率计算

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当选项中首位不同的时候,就不要考虑小数点
各选项数量级相同,就不要讨论小数点。
两者满足其一即可

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②增长率比较

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3、增长量计算和比较

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①增长量计算

题型一

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题型二

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②增长量比较

方法一:

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方法二:

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看分子和分母哪个增长的快(增长率超过百分百慎用)

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方法三、

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③增长量其他image-20250116181910222

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4、现期比重和基期比重

①现期比重

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②基期比重

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第一:首先从选项中找到现期比重A/B

第二:判定(1+B%)/(1+A%)是大于1还是小于1,排除错误选项

第三:确定(1+B%)/(1+A%)的首位

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5、两期比重

①两期比重比较

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②两期比重差值

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6、混合增长率(☆☆☆☆☆)

第一:若A=B(基期量),则和的增长率为二者增长率的平均数

第二:和的增长率越靠近基期量大的增长率

第三:若rA=rB=r,则和的增长率一定为r(混合之后增长率不变)

以上结论和备注同样适合比例问题、浓度问题、平均分问题

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两大应用:

①:已知A、B的增长率、比例、浓度、平均分,求C的增长率、比例、浓度、平均分

②:已知B、C的增长率、比例、浓度、平均分,求A的增长率、比例、浓度、平均分

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四、分析方法

1、估算法

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2、直除法

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3、截位法、尾数法

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①截位法image-20250120164056375

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②尾数法

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4、差分法、化同法

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差分法分为三步:
第一步:首先计算出差分数并将其放在大分数一侧
第二步:用差分数和小分数作比较
第三步:差分数的大小就代表着大分数的大小

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5、放缩法、凑整法

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6、图形法

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7、综合法

①平均数

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②相同互补型两数乘积

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③首位是1的两位数乘积

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④尾数是1的两位数乘积

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⑤任意两位数成绩

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⑥减半相加

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⑦错位相加

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五、核心要点

1、时间要点

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2、单位要点

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3、表述要点

①增长多少、增长快慢

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②不超过、不低于

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③约、近、余

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④增长要点

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六、真题演练

1、2021国考

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2、2021省考

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